At the turn of the nineteenth century, the Omaha Tribe played a pivotal role in the Euroamerican fur trade, functioning as negotiators between traders and other Native American groups. An abandoned Omaha village known as Tonwatonga (25DK5), located in present-day northeastern Nebraska near the Missouri River, and its associated cemetery sites (25DK2 and 25DK10) provide valuable information on the impact of the fur trade on the Omaha. Increased contact with white traders brought not only affluence to the Omaha but disease and physical trauma as well. Such strain burdened particularly the women and children who assumed a large amount of the workload associated with preparing hides. As labor associated with the fur trade is introduced, how did the Omaha population maintain division of labor along gender and age lines, and how did this new economic contribution of women affect their social and political status? Given that ethnographic information, archaeological data, and osteological data (at the request of the Omaha) are available for these assemblages, this study tests the validity of interpretations based solely on archaeological data and concludes that multiple lines of evidence are needed to accurately reconstruct past social dynamics.